Gender Equality And Gender Inequality - 1255 Words

â€Å"You can’t do that because youre a girl†. When I was younger gender inequality would start with these certain statements that corrupted ladies and brought down their confidence into supposing they couldnt do certain things, since it was seen as a mens activity or wasnt sufficiently ladylike. Now that this is a worldwide issue our a nation has decided to pass a law were women and men are treated fairly in having equal opportunities, responsibilities and are equal regardless of their sex. This however is not the case, in society they discriminate and permit women and men to be equivalent to one another. It has been a problem for centuries all over the world. In society it’s stereotypical to believe that women are less than what men†¦show more content†¦Everywhere throughout the world women are not given the same earnings as men due to their gender identity in the work environment. Women all over the world have the same occupation as men and are being treated unfairly â€Å"Pay equity is a means of eliminating sex and race discrimination in the wage-setting system.† (Eleanor Holmes Norton ). This wage gap all over the world is causing issues monetarily and having consequences for the families of those earning less than men. Equal Pay Act was set to prohibit discrimination against sexes regarding their salary in occupation on gender. Another is Equal Pay Day which gives women an option to work until a certain day to receive equal pay as the men. Although we have broken many roadblocks regarding this issue its still a prevalent today and could last until 2059. On, average daily â€Å" a woman earns 79 cents for ever y dollar a man earns, and women’s median annual earnings are $10,800 less than men’s, according to a report released by the Senate Joint Economic Committee Democratic Staff last April. (Sonam Sheth and Skye Gould). Women of color are more well-known to this issue as a result of their race, ethnicity , family and cultural characteristics This evidence shows that more work needs to be done in the industry to prevent this from happening. Women of any race shouldnt be getting any earning less than men in the same occupation. If weShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Gender Equality1685 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.† According to united nations population fund â€Å"gender equality is a human right. Men and Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear. Gender equality is also a precondition for advancing development and reducing pove rty: Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities, and they improve prospects for the next generation†Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality921 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the dictionary, the definition of gender equality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is unaffected by gender. Gender inequality is happening, where women have less control over resources, less power than males, and fewer opportunities across social, economic, and political life. Gender inequality is happening because of women’s physical difference in education, work pay and job opportunities, family and culture, religion, and government. This is due to the stereotypicalRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent shades of green, with copious amounts of peace and tranquility. Gender equality, however, is something that seems to be left out of the typical picture of the ‘perfect society’. It is ironic that in the nation where ‘all men are creat ed equal’, there are so many restricting gender roles woven intricately into society, and from those restrictions come discriminations based solely on the gender of another human being. Gender roles have been suffocating seven billion people since the beginningsRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1367 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Gender has and continues to be a contentious issue within the legal profession. Despite Anti-Discrimination legislation and diversification of the supply side, women still account for only one-fifth of Partner positions. So whilst the glass ceiling may have been shattered to an extent, the â€Å"pipeline to power remains elusive for most women†. Engagement with gender can assist in explaining this paradox. When coupled with consideration of other social classifications such as race andRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pages Gender inequality Women are one-half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially constructedRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesabout gender equality. It isn t a reality yet. Today, women make up half of the U.S. workforce, but the average working woman earns only seventy-seven percent of what the average working man makes. But unless women and men both say this is unacceptable, things will not change† stated Grammy Award winner, Beyoncà © (Knowles-Carter 34). Although in the twenty-first century, women are still fighting for equality to simply b e paid the same amount as men. The main causes of this gender inequality includeRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1387 Words   |  6 PagesStudies made me understand gender as a social construct used to differentiate between the sexes. Even how gender-roles played a role in women’s absence in education and the workforce, this systematic exclusion still takes place in Iran and highlights the privilege some men have over women. Even a nation as rich and powerful as the United States, equal opportunities for women are still lacking, most notably, the wage gap inequality. AAUW’s article The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap, states thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality2137 Words   |  9 PagesHistorically, women have always been seen as the subordinate gender. Considered weaker, more emotional, and less intelligent or capable than their male counterparts, women have been trying for decades to overcome adversity and get to a point where they can be taken seriously in a patriarchal world. Though progress has been made, there is still a long way to go until true gender equality is established. In America today, women are still predominantly seen in professions that have been traditionally

Evaluation Of Attachment Theory For Children With...

Overview of attachment theory Attachment theory shows an emotional bond that connects one person to another, in this essay, the theory is explained as how it relates to children with developmental disabilities and their families along with how it is practically applied. This theory was first explained by John Bowlby (1969) who regarded it as the earliest bond needed for survival of the young children. He emphasizes on caregiving relationships to reinforce positive behavior, it is dependent on the ability of the care giver to correctly analyze behavious of the child and respond over time. With children with disabilities, it is seen that they have varying challenges ranging from diagnostic conditions to medical disorders and the parents are†¦show more content†¦With different characteristics it is best to have a secure child. At the beginning Bowbly (1969) ties it to a biological base origin and this has further given researchers to further study this parent-child relationship, he believes that the attachm ent between a child and the caregiver creates a lasting impact over the entire lifetime of both parties. Attachment theory does not only focus on the relationship of the parent to child, but looks at it a dependence on each other, it emphasizes on the emotional, social, cognitive and behavioral components that ultimately reflects developmental changes over a long period of time (Howe 2006). The main point of this theory is that if the primary caregiver is dependable, it helps the child build a sense of security, because the child knows that the care giver is reliable so the child is more open to explore the world. From the beginning at infancy, people around influence how the child behaves, it is an indicator of how other future relationships the child encounters will grow. It is said that in the first year, the most important development is the creation of an attachment bond between a mother and the infant (McConnell Moss, 2011). It is at this stage that the mother responds to the infants actions like crying or ache, if the attachment figure in this case maybe the mother, acts swiftly and promptly, the child feels safe and protected but if the caregiver does not respond appropriately, then theShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory and Partnership Model797 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe how partnerships with carers are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership model work around a theory of collaboration, understanding and and communication. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes can happen for children when care, development and learning provision/a setting , a cooperatively together. A partnership model looks like this: Identifying needs via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment check listRead MoreThe Language Of Young Children Essay2069 Words   |  9 Pages The language of young children is behaviour. It is well documented that a secure attachment to a caregiver supports healthy cognitive development in children (Moretti Peled, 2004; Mikulineer, Shaver, Pereg, 2003; Scharf, Oshri, Eshkol, Pilowsky, 2014). This paper will first provide a description of attachment theory covering the key points. It will then provide an example from practice placement at Toogoolawa School where the theory has been applied. Following this a discussion of relevantRead MoreWhat Causes Adhd And How That Might Be Compatible With A Medication Intervention?3573 Words   |  15 Pagesconceptualize the disorder. Proponents of the psychological perspective are divided into two major groups of theories: top-down theories and bottom-up theories. Top down process emphasize some form of cognitive control, while bottom-up process emphasize motivational or energetic factors. For the present discussion, I will focus on top-down theory of ADHD, given that Barkleyâ€℠¢s executive functioning theory is based on the idea of a deficit in rule-governed behavior, or a deficit in executive functioning. BarkleyRead MoreFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pages Evaluation of Classicism and Positivism are two theories that assess the mind and different approaches to human nature; classicist is a rational act and liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientificRead MoreFunctional Family Therapy, Differential Response, And Reflective Family Practices1573 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing systems: behaviorism, and cognitive theory in an integrated approach. When this approach is used the therapist takes the position that all behavior in the family is adaptive. The focus is find out why a behavior exists and is it maintained by other family members. The focus is on cognitions and behavior what the family members are telling themselves about one another and the specific problems that each may notice (Becvar Becvar, 2013). In evaluation to the program they display the theoreticalRead MoreBonding And Attachment Between Mothers And Their Children5089 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction Bonding or attachment between mothers and their children has been a topic of research for many decades. John Bowlby, a British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst began his work with attachment began in the early 1950 s and continued through 1990. His theories, along with Mary Ainsworth s research, an American-Canadian developmental psychologist, was the basis for Attachment Theory. Ainsworth and Bowlby s collaboration on attachment eventually led to the current classificationRead MoreAbuse: How It Effects Cognitive Development and Prevention Methods3033 Words   |  13 Pagesdisorders, developmental disorders, attachment disorders and PTSD. Patterns of attachment affect the quality of information processing throughout the individual’s life. With this evidence, it is imperative to have programs available that focus on prevention for parents and children. There are outside management courses, substance abuse classes, school based educational programs, required registration of offenders, and background checks. Treatment strategies for children are also important and shouldRead MoreChild Development 0-19 Yrs6074 Words   |  25 PagesTime line of physical and language development of children from 0-19yrs age: The table presents an overview of child development from birth to nineteen years of age. The time frames are averages and children may achieve the developmental milestones earlier or later but still be what is considered ‘normal’. Age ranges: (LO 1.1) |Age range |Physical Development |Language | |0-1 year |VisionRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1520 Words   |  7 PagesDiagnostic Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants and Children Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects people as young as infancy that can become more evident throughout their childhood. The word Spectrum refers to a wide range of disorders that are closely related through similar symptoms, as it will be explained later in this paper. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also known as the DSM-5 diagnostic manual, updated the types of disorders listedRead MoreHow Nature and Nurture Affects the Pies in Adolescence and Adulthood4732 Words   |  19 Pagesadolescence. Firstly nature (when inheritance of genes and characteristics are involved) and nurture (when environmental influences and how people are brought up) can both affect a person’s development. In this evaluation I am going to evaluate how the nature affects the PIES at infancy and what theories are behind them. Secondly how the nurture can affect the PIES in infancy. Then I will go on to evaluate how the nature can affect the PIES in adolescence and then how the nurture can affect the PIES in adolescence

The Fall Of Rome Free Essays

The Book is written by Bryan Ward-Perkins, with the title The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization and printed by Oxford University Pres in 2005. John Bryan Ward-Perkins was born in 1912 in UK. He was a British historian and archeologist and director of British School at Rome. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fall Of Rome or any similar topic only for you Order Now During WWII he served in military, during which he gained the knowledge of Tripolitania and Roman ruins which led him to take interest in history. In 1946 he accepted the position of Director at British school at Rome and stayed on this position till 1974. â€Å"The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization†, addresses the general perception of modern historians about the benign change from Roman Empire to Christianity. The author corrects this thinking through archaeological evidence. He mentions that it was the coming of German tribes and their long term effects that led to the dissolution of Roman Empire. The main argument which I find different from the normal text books is the telling of story of fall of empire from the other side. For example, he mentions that the transition of Roman Empire was neither nor peaceful; instead it was Germanic tribes (Vandals, Visigoth) etc who crossed the river Rhine in 5th BC and took whatever they wanted by force rather than through treaties or negotiations. He argues that one of the main reasons for collapse of Roman Empire was decline of Roman economy through many centuries. He provides a reality check to modern readers shocking them with the truth about a Rome that was caught in economic collapse, rebellions from barbarians and rise of new orthodoxy; all of which became the reasons Rome collapse. The book provides interesting insight into the fall of Roman Empire from a different view compared to popular thinking in schools and text books. I believe this book is essential for any history student to look at a great event of history from a different perspective. Reference: Bryan Ward-Perkins,The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization. Oxford University Pres,2005. How to cite The Fall Of Rome, Papers

Meaning Behind Aussie Battler free essay sample

The Meaning behind the Aussie Battler The film industry determines the way we view our films. Australian films often backup the idea of the ‘Aussie battler/hero’. A battler/hero is known as someone who fights for what they believe in, their country, their heritage, their family, friends, dignity and pride. A battler’s job is to protect and hold onto what they are fighting for, whether it is for the good or for the bad. The Aussie Battler is known for being a working class citizen who commits there heart and soul into their work, land, culture and family. Many Australian films explore the concept of ‘Overcoming Adversity’ and explore into the idea of the ‘Aussie Battler/hero’. Wonderful examples of films that directly look into this idea of the ‘Aussie Battler/hero’, is Ned Kelly (2003) and The Castle (1997). Ned Kelly is a film based in the 70’s/80s about a group of young men, Ned Kelly (Heath Ledger), Joseph Byrne (Orlando Bloom), Dan Kelly (Laurence Kinlan) and Steve Hart (Philip Barantini), also known as ‘the Kelly gang’, fighting to preserve their heritage and remain true to their family. The director of Ned Kelly ‘Gregor Jordan’ has contributed the idea of how overcoming adversity can be problematic and difficult, but can also change society. The Castle a film directed by Rob Sitch is about a man, Darryl Kerrigan (Michael Caton) facing the authority because he believes in fighting for his right to not lose everything he has worked for, for unnecessary government requests. The film industry determines the way people view films. Australian films often backup the idea of the Aussie Battler. An Aussie battler is referred to as someone who fights for what they believe in, their country their heritage, family, friends, dignity and pride. A battlers job is to protect and hold onto what they believe is worth fighting for, whether is is for good or bad. The Aussie battler is known to be a working class citizen who commits their sweat, blood and time into their work, land, culture and family. Many Australian films explore into the concept of overcoming adversity, and look deeply into the understanding the idea of the Aussie battler. Wonderful examples of films that directly look into this concept of the Aussie Battler’ is Ned Kelly (2003) and The Castle (1997). Ned Kelly is a Film based in 1880s about a group of men (Ned Kelly (Heath Ledger), Joseph Byrne (Orlando Bloom), Dan Kelly (Laurence Kinlan) and Steve Hart (Philip Barantini), also known as The Kelly Gang. The gang’s objective is to fight, preserve their heritage and change how the authority treats the Irish. The director of Ned Kelly, Gregor Jordan has contributed the idea of how overcoming diversity can be problematic and difficult, but can also change society’s views and ways. The Castle, a film directed by Rob Sitch, is about a man, Darryl Kerrigan (Michael Caton) facing the authority because he believes in fighting for his right to not lose something that is a big part of his life and something he has worked for his whole life. The events that arise in both films revolving around the characters, reiterate this idea of ‘Overcoming Adversity’ and the ‘Aussie Battler/hero’ is emerged through a variety of techniques incorporated from their respective directors. In the first scene of Ned Kelly he is portrayed as a great contribution to society by saving his class mates life from drowning in a river. He received a green hero’s sash. Another scene that also really shows Ned as a battler is where he is chasing one of the authorities through the bushes. Ned shoots the authority multiple times and once he finally stops Ned tells him ‘he would not have shot if he hadn’t kept running’; he also tried to stop him from bleeding but in the end couldn’t and was forced to put a bullet through his heart. A scene where Ned’s image is turned around is where he steals the horse and gets caught from the authority; Ned loses it and threatens the authority which then lands him in jail and from this point on Ned falls into the role of ‘The Aussie Battler’. Ned Kelly belongs to an Irish heritage that immigrated to Australia for a better life, but not realizing what laid ahead for them they were pushed low down in society and struggled to keep an income. The Kelly’s were given a piece of land by the selectors where they were allowed to grow their own crops, producing their own food and founder animals for income. The authorities in Ned Kelly were self-centred and, self-indulged. The way the authority treated the Irish was different to how they treated their own. That’s where the Kelly Gang and the authority differed. Ned was pleasant to everyone he came across, he didn’t chose to harm them, gave them respect and the rights they deserved wether they were his own people or not. The events that arise in both films revolving around the two main character ‘Ned Kelly’ and ‘Darryl Kerrigan’, reiterate this idea of ‘overcoming adversity’ and the ‘Aussie battler’ is emerged through a variety of different techniques that have been incorporated by their respective directors’. In a scene towards the start of the film that shows Ned as a battler is where he is hunting a policeman through the bush lands because he ran. Ned finally guns down the policeman and finds the man lying on the ground in immense pain. Ned tells the policeman ‘he would not have shot him if he had not run’. This scene shows the battler side of Ned because further on in this scene Ned is forced to kill the policeman because there was nothing he could do to save him. The Castle is a classic Australian film the stereotypes the Aussie image but also conveys the message that Australians are tough and fight for right. The Kerrigan family is an admirable representation of the average Australian family. They are tight-knit, willing to help and passionate about sticking together as a family. There is a scene that particularly shows off the characteristics of a battler/ fighter within the castle. This scene is were Darryl is at his court hearing. When the Jury goes on break, Darryl sends out his message to his lawyer who then uses what he says in his debate. By Darryl really expression his true emotions, they win. Darryl Kerrigan resembles the typical Australian father. Although his family isn’t well off and don’t particularly live in a great spot (beside an airport), its home, it all comes from the heart. Darryl is a battler; he supports everyone’s opinions but in the end makes his decisions based upon his beliefs. He doesn’t particularly have a high status in society with him working as a tow truck driver but still manages to stay positive because he doesn’t care what people think of him, he’s a proud Australian. He works and fights for the things he needs and can appeal to ones emotions. He uses his power to battle against the bad to win the good. The directors of both Ned Kelly and The Castle have incorporated a variety of different cinematic techniques that make both films memorable in their own manner. Techniques that come under the branch are Setting, Dialogue, and Costuming, Camera angles and movement and sound. Ned Kelly desires the affect for its audience to become entangled within the films story line and to do this the film must include a range of different and somewhat unusual techniques to gather attention. The setting for Ned Kelly is rather stereotypical to the era the film is set in. Most scenes where the Kelly gang do major work is set on the authority’s side. This is the brighter, more classic, rich side, whereas most other scenes such as fighting and war is done in the bushlands, outback where the Kelly’s feel safe and indulged in their own culture. The lighting in Ned Kelly is very much so leaned to low key lighting. If you notice high key lighting comes into play when the Kelly’s are in the authority’s territory and low key lighting for the rest. The dialogue used in Ned Kelly is very traditional and formal. The authority take on a different role in there dialogue as they used different words, words that come off more offensive and cruel. Costuming is also another very outmoded label. The Kelly’s customarily wore old, scrawny, filthy unwashed clothes. They also were mostly seen in dark long pants and jackets, not a lot of skin was shown which contributed to the aspects of low key lighting. The outcast side of people had scrawny hair, beards and were dressed in dirty clothing. Whereas the upper-class side were dressed in clean cut, brighter coloured clothing that resembled there place in society. In both Ned Kelly and the Castle similar camera angles and movements were used. High Angles where used to show power i. e. the authority standing over Ned making him look weaker and more vulnerable. Particularly towards the start of both films you notice low angles and high angles being used to show authority, but as the films progressed you start to notice the change in angles and where the cameras are positioned. Throughout both films you will notice an establishing shot being used at the start of most scenes followed by either a close up or mid shot, depending wether the scene was to include dialogue where then they would need a close up or just a mid-shot. There were many cuts during dialogue which also showed great importance in what the characters were saying. The castle resembled typical Australian dress standards for that time (Flannelettes, Jeans and bowl cuts). The Authority seemed to be dressed in smart clothing the reminded you of control and responsibility. Dialogue in The Castle was stereotypically an Australian accent. The slang, the way the words are slurred and how the pronunciations of words are carried out. The authority defiantly takes on another type of channel of communication, they talk more proper, formal and tend to shorten their words to sound like they aren’t slurring. The setting in the castle is bright and cheerful. It creates a friendly environment that also shows a real Australian household. They do this by creating a rundown house, not much money and living right next to an airport. The lighting the frames this film is high key. Even when darkness controls the time of the scene light still manages to be the key element to the shots. Both films show and encourage messages about Australia in two completely different but similar ways. Ned Kelly shows a message that stealing is wrong and fighting is not the answer, but fighting for what you believe in, fighting for the right to not let others contradict your life is ok. On the other hand the message about The Castle is exactly the same but carried out differently. The castle shows the fact that Australians are not very materialistic and in general are quite simplistic and positive. Both films also conveyed the message that family is important and supporting that idea of love and trust is what makes life worth living for. Ned Kelly chose reveal the idea of using violence, crime and death to portray its message, whereas The Castle did not. The Castle showed its message through family values, gratitude and reverence. Both of these films had the authority against them, they stuck together and became united as one. By the end of both films we were left with the feeling of knowing and understanding how both families’ fought together. If one was going down they were all going down. What was also so great about these two films is that we could watch them grow from battlers into heroes. Ultimately both films were devised to create a sense of understanding about the Australian culture. For certain message and concepts to be conveyed a range of different techniques had to be used, from characterization, to cinematography. The plots direction leaded to the audience grasping different emotions and challenged the audience to experience a film unlike most modern productions.

Nursing organizations free essay sample

There are numbers of nursing organizations in around the globe; some of them are recognized nationally, such as Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada, American Nurses Association, An Bord Altranais, Canadian Nurses Association, Indian Nursing Council, Japanese Nursing Association, Nursing Association of Nepal, Nursing Council of New Zealand, Philippine Nurses Association, Philippine Nurses Association of United Kingdom, and Nursing Midwifery Council United Kingdom. Meanwhile, other nursing organizations are more specialized when compared to the latter national organizations; some of them were Association of Womens Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) and Academy of Neonatal Nursing. The vast range of options in choosing nursing organizations indicates that there is indeed a need for nurses to join at least one of them. According to J. H. â€Å"Professional organizations and associations in nursing are critical for generating the energy, flow of ideas, and proactive work needed to maintain a healthy profession that advocates for the needs of its clients and nurses, and the trust of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Matthews, 2012) In 1873, the first nursing school for nursed opened in United States. In 1893, during the assembly of nursing leaders in Chicago’s World Fair, they have talked about the need for nurses to have an organization. This organization is composed of superintendents of training schools for nursed. Hence, the Canadian and American nurses who participated in the event formed the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada. This organization was then known the National League of Nursing Education. Another organization was formed in the following year, which was named Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of United States and Canada, later on known as American Nurses’ Association. This organization aimed to solve problems in the profession in terms of legal aspects. It aimed to create legal status for those who are currently practicing the profession. Both early organizations aimed to improve the status of nursing as a legal profession both in America and Canada. (Andrist, Nicholas, Wolf, 2006) From history, one can derive one of the main purposes of professional nursing organization, that is, to establish connection to other training institutions and standardize nursing course curricula. Nursing leaders can use professional organizations to seek improvement in current systems of training course. Inside an organization, a nursing leader is handed with resources to gauge if their institution or training school has reached the standard of education an institution must be able to offer to their students and the level of competency their nurses have in terms of professional practice. This is particularly important since there several government regulations today that seek to maintain the standard of education and student competencies. Professional licensure examinations are also placed to gauge the nurses’ competency and preparedness for actual professional work. The failure of students to keep up with the standards will reflect on the institution from which he or she is trained, to the educational system used, and to the nursing leader that was not able to improve the competency of the school. Another important aspect of joining professional organizations in nursing is that nursing leaders are updated to the current trends and resources available. These are important in their professional growth. They are also constantly updated to legal issues and regulations that have mandated by the government. Annual Conventions keep the networking of nursing leaders spread as their knowledge in the career improve. Works Cited

How to Write a Critical Essay on the Dangers of Antibiotics

How to Write a Critical Essay on the Dangers of Antibiotics A critical essay is, as the name would imply, a critical piece of writing. With this unique writing task, you want to analyze your text, or your article, or film. If your teacher has reviewed an article in class about the harms that are associated with antibiotics, or you read a book on how people today are building immunity, then you would want to focus on this precise text. Your goal here would be to present an examination or critique of one part of the text, or the whole text itself, or even to situate the text in the context of the bigger picture. If you are, for example, writing your paper on a popular book, you might critically analyze the tone of the book and how the tone influences the overall meaning. If you watched a documentary on antibiotics, you might provide a critical analysis on one of the main symbols, themes, or the music used in the documentary and how that shaped the reception of it. Selecting the Topic In many cases, it might behoove you to critically analyze the literary or film techniques employed by the writer or producer to see how they directly or indirectly influence the themes of the piece, the outcome, or the impact. If you can’t decide on the topic, you can use sample topics on the dangers of antibiotics prepared specially for such situations. If you want to use a book or an article as your basis, keep in mind that a short journal article might not show both sides to an argument because it is a specific niche, and it would then be your job to place the context of the article into a broader context by reviewing the time of the publication, works previously done by the author, or even what peer reviews were published before or after that might have led to this piece. Making Connections When exploring the concepts related to antibiotics, your goal in this style of writing would be to highlight the various dangers associated with them. Check out the facts on the dangers of antibiotics that precisely fit this topic. Some things which seem, and often are, positive and beneficial can bring with them serious dangers if they are not used in the proper fashion. Even mundane items like drinking glasses, if broken, will suddenly become dangerous. This is true of almost all things, and is most certainly true of antibiotics. Review the Piece To get started, sit down with the piece you are reviewing and read it through or watch it again but take notes as you do. Some people argue that if you change the font of the text (of course if you are typing your essay on your laptop), you’ll see most of the mistakes. You can try this method to edit your piece. Take Notes You want to take notes on the main purpose of the piece, the main ideas, what things about the piece are confusing, what the author’s purpose was, and whether the piece successfully achieved its aim or not. By taking notes like this, you are already training your mind to critically analyze the work. As you look over your notes, keep your eyes peeled for patterns or for problems. See what problems with the work stand out, or what patterns you found throughout the text and try to find some solutions. If you noticed that one person interviewed for the opposition was brash, but the other interviewee in support of the author was kind and likeable, make an educated guess as to why that was. You want to keep your written analysis here on why certain elements in the text were effective or why they were functional and offer the reader evidence to support that claim. Feel free to hire a professional essay writer online at our online custom writing company designed to help college students with writing critical papers.

Teaching and Classroom Management in Religious Education Essay

Teaching and Classroom Management in Religious Education - Essay Example The RE is the establishment of the faith and responsiveness to the presence of God, to practice his orders and to lead a life with the patterns, which are given by God to his creatures through his messengers. Religion is the faith, faith in God. The RE first begins with the lap of the mother. Parents are the first educators of a child in the development of their faith in God. The values and thoughts, once developed in God are everlasting and parents are responsible to develop believes through in-formal way of teaching in pre-school days of child. However, the comprehensive and systematic study of the religion needs a person who knows well about faith, religion and has firm belief in God. A teacher is a person who builds a base of pupil with the relationship between faith and life in a manner that makes the pupils curious to learn more about religion. According to Religious Education Curriculum Directory for Catholic Schools (1996: p. 10) the outcome of RE may be "religiously literate young people who have the knowledge, understanding and skills, appropriate to their age and capacity, to think spiritually, ethically and theologically and who are aware of the demands of religious commitment in every day life". Discipline is the pre-requisite for proper learning and teaching process in the school and classroom. As for as RE is concerned, the discipline is more important because it needs more attention and concentration of pupils to learn. The pupils need limits and the teacher should manage properly when he is in the classroom. So, classroom management is essential both for a teacher and a student, to develop and promote faith in God. Good classroom management means, to provide the pupils enough freedom and courage to discuss among themselves about the context of the subject within discipline and limits. Pupils should know the limits and teacher should not make them cross the limits. Teaching of Religious Education (RE) The success of the teaching of RE lies in the quality and dedication of the teachers. So, recruitment of able and devoted teachers is a pre-requisite of a good teaching in the subject of RE. I think, the proper way to teach the subject of religion is to involve pupils in the process of teaching. There should be exercises, writing activities, and group discussions and brainstorming through questions/answers. In the classroom, the teacher should judge the feelings, motivations and opinions of their pupils in order to manage classrooms more effectively. Encourage the pupils to express their ideas, opinions and thoughts and know the religious trends of their pupils. Teach them the objectives of the subject within the limits of the time. Religious Education: from Classroom to Society Classroom of the RE plays an important role in the life of a pupil. It is the place, which either makes his mind social or fundamentalist. Understanding an issue, by uncovering the network of interrelationships, not only leads to a new awareness but also usually offers a wealth of ideas (Altrichter et al 1993: p. 160). So, try to develop positive ideas in mind of your pupils regarding religion and society. ICT in Religious Education (RE) ICT stands for "Information Communication Technology". ICT in RE means the use of modern techniques and approaches to understand religious affairs. It is a powerful tool that can improve the teaching

Brand analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand analysis - Essay Example Physicians categorize Advil as an anti-inflammatory drug without steroid content (NSAID). Advil pain reliever is a product manufactured in 1984 by the world’s largest multinational pharmaceutical company known as Pfizer in America (Bixby 1). From 1984 to date, Advil painkiller has faced market competition from other painkiller drugs such as Vanquish and aspirin drugs, with Tylenol being the major competitor in the pharmaceutical market. Advil precipitation drugs have been receiving high demands from local, regional, and international consumers ever since 1984 to 2013. The latter enhances an individual’s perceptions on the positive relieving effects of the ibuprofen products to muscles and body pains. Advil has received numerous endorsements from families, sportsmen and women, and global physicians as the perfect pain reliever in relation to other painkillers in the market. However, the pharmaceutical market research on over-the-counter drugs (Dolcera Conference 51) has proven that, over the Advil’s marketing years in the United States it has met an effective advertisement and sales target, as an outstanding global pharmaceutical product industry. Dolcera provided the market study information on the Advil’s competitive assessment, and advertising study of the prescription drug in the consumer market. From Dolcera Conference analysis by professionals, the compound annual growth of Advil painkiller drug with other OTC drugs in the market, from 2006 to 2014 to be 2.7% with 3.3% of the annual growth between 2006 to 2009, during a constant 2.7% annual growth rate from 2009 to 2014 (Bixby 1). However, new OTC consumer switch approvals from FND, points out Advil painkiller drugs as to receive high pharmaceutical approval over the years from 2007 to date in the consumer markets in USA ("Nurses Drug Alert 63). Advil drug type contains the following ingredients; ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine Hcl and NDA, as to have the highest approval

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) Essay

Introduction to project management (Project Proposal) - Essay Example I choose to be a facilitator to emphasize that the wellspring of â€Å"knowledge and experiences† and the skills utilized does not come from me but from the targeted group themselves. This will boost their confidence in what they do, make them perform better and provide service worth what the client is paying for. It is our Christian vow to help the elderly, widows, and those that are suffering financially (low income earners). It is also our social responsibility as members of the community to empower them. We have to make them see that they are untapped resources that can be utilized under an income generating activity that is sustainable, cost effective, easy to manage. Under this activity the experiences and knowledge of the elderly will be a fine resource for creative writing. They will be given the opportunity to tell their stories, their dreams and legacies. This will fill their days with purpose and joy of having to remember and reminisce. The manpower to encode and send them to freelance writing sites will be a task for the low income earners. This entire scheme will be under a group â€Å"job† provider that will make representations with the freelance writing sites and will also receive payment. For us to work and give of our time and resources, we have to be committed to the cause. For only with commitment comes passion to work hard and finish the project till the very end. So, as a Christian and as a Member of the community, I call upon you to contribute your God-given talents into this activity that will help people in

Causes of the Opium War

Causes of the Opium War However, this prosperity and balance of trade came under severe threat when Britain discovered growing on the hills of India, a product that many Chinese people craved for and would shift the balance of trade in its favour opium. In the ensuing war, the Chinese perceived cultural superiority did not reflect in its glaring military inferiority to the British technological and tactical military superiority (Schaffer Library of Drug Policy, 2010). China was heavily defeated in the war that also brought shame to Britain (CNN, 2009). In the British Parliament, William Ewart Gladstone criticised the government for a war he described as unjust in its origin and designed to cover Britain in permanent shame (Kossoff, 2010). Staring down the barrel of a gun, the Chinese were forced to sign a one-sided treaty at Nanking (see appendix B) as every Chinese move failed (CNN, 2009). According to CNN, China was forced to part with 21 million ounces of silver to pay for a war started by Britain. Five ports were designated for unrestricted British trade Shanghai, Canton, Ningpo, Amoy, and Foochow (Hooker, 1996) and Hong Kong became a British territory. Other Western countries soon moved in to exploit Chinas war wounds as France and America secured similar trading concessions (CNN, 2009; Hooker, 1996). According to CNN, Chinas defeat led to an invasion of Western culture, and on Chinas doorstep, barbarians lived in grand houses. However, 150 years later, China has reclaimed these houses and taken back Hong Kong. This essay aims to discuss the significant causes of the opium war over which there has been much controversy. On the one hand, the Chinese perspective on the cause of the war is about Britains immoral poisoning of China with opium from smuggling, while on the other hand Britain holds the view that the war was as a result of Chinese arrogance that treated foreigners as inferior beings and subjected Western countries to unfair trade and unacceptable diplomatic standards. Irreconcilable Cultural Differences During the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Chinese culture projected a face of indifferent arrogance and contempt for foreigners which included the bland assumption of Chinese cultural superiority. This played a significant role in events that resulted in the opium wars (Hanes Sanello, 2002; Helprin, 2006; Holt, 1964). The arrival of Western traders in China for the first time brought them in direct contact with a strange new world having an alien system of government. East Asian nations had barely any knowledge about Europe. Their relationship with each other was built on the idea of a Confucian hierarchy, with China as the head of the Asian family and other smaller nations Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Burma occupying inferior positions around her (Schurmann Schell, 1967). This status was accepted by these nations and they paid homage to china by embarking on periodic visits to Peking to perform the Kowtow a series of kneeling down thrice and nine prostrations before the Emperor, climaxing with the tribute bearer bringing his nose to the floor (Schurmann Schell, 1967; Holt, 1964). According to Holt (1964), the Chinese perceived China as the celestial empire and their Emperor as the traditional Son of Heaven. Other rulers of the foreign world were perceived to be no more than vassals expected to pay tribute to the Son of Heaven (Holt, 1964; Lewis, 2009; Pelissier, 1967). Holt (1964) as well as Hanes Sanello (2002), note that envoys from England to China refused to perform this ritual, especially since they did not grant their own monarch such recognition. However, no matter how vehemently Britain protested, or how unreasonable she found this custom, and how powerful she declared herself to be, China made no exception to her treatment (Schurmann Schell, 1967). Britain was among the other Western barbarians. Chinas perceived arrogance and deep sense of cultural superiority cocooned it from the rest of the civilized world by producing a complex administrative structure that isolated the Emperor and his chief advisers from direct diplomatic contacts. Though Britain had traded with the Chinese for many years, China declined to establish any formal diplomatic contacts because it did not perceive Britain as equal (Rodzinski, 1984). As noted by Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere (1977), Britain twice attempted to dismantle this barrier by sending Lord Macartney in 1793 and Lord Amherst in 1816 as ambassadors to Peking. Both attempts failed. This was one of the infuriating features of the complex Chinese administrative structure that resulted in the Opium war. Commercial Greed and Free Trade The foreign devils as they were called by the Chinese were merchants from many countries, particularly Britain, United states of America and Portugal but also included France, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark (Holt, 1964). Portugal history with the Far East was the earliest and longest but Britain gradually secured the largest quota of the Chinese trade with the West. Englands trade with the Eastern countries was monopolised by the East Indian Company until 1833. According to Holt (1964), this monopoly however allowed privately owned vessels from Britain and India to trade with China under licence from the East Indian Company. These vessels carried both raw cotton and the insidious drug opium. Opium was a source of enormous revenue to the Indian Government, wealth to the foreign merchants, and brought pleasure as well as suffering to the people of China (Hanes Sanello, 2002; Holt, 1964). During this period, the British Government of India and the directors of the East Indian Company realised that the Chinese were addicted to opium and that this presented a great trade opportunity for a huge fortune. Opium cultivation was quickly monopolised by the Government and permission exclusively given to the East Indian Company for its production and sale for which the company paid substantial duty to the Indian Government (Holt, 1964). Both the British and Indian Governments found opium smuggling to China too lucrative to be discarded. By 1832, the duty paid on opium to the British Indian Government made up one-eighteenth of its gross revenue (Holt, 1964). In the past, Britain had substantially imported tea, silk and porcelain from China. Holt (1964) estimates that twelve million pounds worth of tea was consumed in Britain annually. China had significantly much less interest in British goods of woollen, lead, iron and Cornish tin and so Britain had to pay for its trade deficit in silver (Pelissier, 1967; Holt, 1964). By 1817, China had been paid one hundred and fifty million pounds worth of silver by European traders (Holt, 1964). For the British Government, these profits from opium trade restored parity of payments from trade with China. Blinded by greed both the British and Indian Governments failed in their legal and moral obligations not to participate in, or encourage the export to another country, goods prohibited by that country. This was another significant factor that provoked incidents that led to the opium war. At this time, much of the economic theory guiding the British Empire was based on Cobdens perception of free trade unrestricted trade in all commodities including narcotics (Ball, 2010). According to Ball, arguments for free trade were that it promoted civilization and peaceful influence. In 1833, parliament brought an end to the monopoly of trade enjoyed by the East Indian Company with China and established free trade (Holt, 1964). Private merchants succumbed to the greed for fast and enormous profits. Special ships known as opium clippers were now more frequently being used for smuggling opium. Notable British owners included James Matheson, William Jardine and Lancelot Dent (Holt, 1964; Pelissier, 1967). These vessels were known to ship opium from India to China with great speed and efficiency thus compounding the opium addiction crisis in China. Figure Opium Smuggling Clippers from the West (Hays, 2008) Opium sales leaped. The trade spread from its original centre at Macao to nearby Lintin and by 1837 had reached the coast of Fukien, farther East. There they delivered their goods to Chinese smugglers in swift river boats called fast crabs which headed for the opium dens (Pelissier, 1967). In the 1760s, China received about 1,000 chests of opium. This increased to about 10,000 chests in the 1820s. However, after free trade began in 1833, this amount reached 40,000 chests of opium by 1838 (Rodzinski, 1984; Holt, 1964; Gelber, 2006). The opium crisis had become as much of an irritant to China as the refusal of equal status was to Britain (Pelissier, 1967; Holt, 1964). This massive increase in opium smuggling into China became a recipe for war. The Effects of Opium on China Chinas history with opium dates back to the 7th century when it was taken orally for medicinal purposes (Holt, 1964; Pelissier, 1967). After The Dutch introduced tobacco into Fukien and Formosa in 1620, the Chinese began smoking opium mixed with tobacco (Hays, 2008; Holt, 1964). By 1729, China was augmenting home-grown product by importing foreign opium from Portuguese traders. The damaging effect of opium smoking in China eventually led the Chinese Emperor to completely prohibit both home-grown cultivation and foreign importation of this pernicious article in 1780 (Holt,1964). Apart from Portugal which actually began the importation of opium into China, French and Dutch companies were also involved in the trade within their limits. American firms also had their share in smuggling opium into China (Holt, 1964). Corruption Trade relations with the West had always been organized according to the Canton system since the middle of the 18th century as Westerners were only allowed to trade in Canton. The Cohong was a group of Chinese firms exclusively responsible for trade with the West and fixed prices and volume of trade. The Cohong was responsible to the notoriously corrupt hoppo who received huge bribes from Hong merchants and members of the Cohong (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). The vested interests that controlled the opium trade within China included the foreign merchants, Chinese middle men and corrupt Chinese officials. These corrupt official encouraged smuggling with little attempts at concealment. Even the Chinese fleet of ships stationed to prevent smuggling did nothing as long as they were duly paid a fixed charge on each smuggled chest of opium by the Chinese buyers. On occasions where the Chinese purchasers fell behind in payments, the foreign merchants were well too willing to oblige the admiral of the fleet with the payments (Allingham, 2006; Holt, 1964; The Free Dictionary, 2010). Massive corruption resulting from opium smuggling posed a major problem of authority that challenged the ability of the state to rule. This was the general pattern of trade that provoked the opium war. Canton and other ports of the Southeast regularly visited illegally by foreign vessels had become oases of corruption and insubordination (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 19 77). Addiction Figure Opium Den in China (Hays, 2008) While debates raged on in Britain about the moral sanction of the opium trade in China and about whose responsibility it was to stop the illegal trade- the British Government or the Chinese Government?(Holt, 1964), opium dens populated China. The effective aphrodisiac nature of the drug promoted obscenity. Smokers lay in stupor on wooden couches, their minds filled with fantasies and blissful emotions (Holt, 1964; Hays, 2008). Eventually, most of them were unable to work, business activities became significantly reduced and the civil service was almost completely paralysed (Holt, 1964; Allingham, 2006). According to Allingham, the smoking of opium had affected the idle rich and more significantly, about 90 percent of all men under the age of forty in Chinas coastal regions. Sleepy addicts roamed the streets in their thousands causing many social problems and increasing the crime rate significantly as they searched for means to enable them support their habit (Wudi, 2002). According t o Hays (2008), Emperor Tao-kuangs special High Commissioner Lin Tse-hsu estimated that 4 million Chinese people got addicted to opium but a British physician working in Canton puts the figure at about 12 million. Such was the level of addiction that led to the opium war. Even though Britain was aware of this level of addiction in China, it failed to respond positively to stop this decay. Chinese Economy This huge number of opium addicts required an equally huge supply of the drug. By 1838, opium represented 57 percent of Chinese imports (Allingham, 2006; Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). This took its toll on the Chinese economy. The sale of goods to Westerners was no longer sufficient for Chinese purchase of opium. Export of Chinese silver, prized by the West for its fine quality had to be employed to balance trade (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977; Asia for Educators, 2009). Even by 1833 when the East Indian Companys monopoly on trade ended, China already had a trade deficit of about 1.5 million to 2 million pounds a year that had to be paid in silver (Holt, 1964). This drain in Chinese silver caused inflation in its value within China and people had to pay more in copper for a fixed amount of silver (Holt, 1964). High Commissioner Lin Tse-hsu Emperor Tao-Kuang who was enthroned in 1820 had a fiery zeal for reform born out of genuine care for his people. He realised that the opium crisis required a radical cure (Holt, 1964). In 1838, after a great debate that involved most of Chinas top ranking officials in which a majority favoured an eradication of the opium trade while some advocated its legalization, Emperor Tao-Kuang commissioned a prominent official called Lin Tse-Hsu to go to Canton to eradicate the illicit opium trade that had become severely pervasive (Rodzinski, 1984; Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). Extremely heavy punishments that included the death penalty were promulgated for native opium traders (OBrien, 2010). According to Rodzinski (1984), Lin Tse-hsu was known for his integrity, justice, compassion and consideration for others. However, his attempt to carry out his assignment was fundamentally the immediate cause of the opium war (Teng Fairbank, 1954; Rodzinski, 1984; Hooker, 1996). Figure Artist Impression of Lin Tse-hsu (ChinaA2Z.Com, 2010) When Lin arrived in Canton in March 1839, he began his mission by appealing to everyone, especially the foreign merchants, to co-operate with him in the suppression of opium smoking. He then ordered all foreign merchants to surrender to the Imperial Government all supplies of opium held in store-ships in Lintin. In addition every foreign merchant was given a three day ultimatum to sign a bond vowing to stop importing opium and agree that any default would lead to confiscation of the illegal cargo and execution of the defaulter (Holt, 1964; OBrien, 2010). According to Holt, under enormous pressure 20,000 chests of British opium were turned over to Lin which he destroyed but Captain Charles Elliot (then Chief of the Commission) refused to allow British merchants sign the bonds. However a drunken brawl involving British and American sailors at a Kowloon village resulted in the death of a Chinese citizen called Lin Wei-hi. This brought more tension to the Anglo-Chinese crisis and directl y resulted to an Aglo-Chinese war (Holt, 1964). According to Holt, Lin had insisted that foreigners involved in Lin Wei-his death be handed over for trial. Captain Elliot refused, fearing unjust capital punishment as had occurred in the past. This led to a ban imposed by Lin on supplies of provisions and Chinese labour to the entire British community in Macao. Soon after, the British community was expelled from Macao to the barren island of Hong Kong. The effect was devastating on the community. In defiance however, Captain Elliot proceeded to arrange for supplies of food from the local peasantry backed by the 28-gun frigate which opened fire on some Chinese war junks that tried to prevent deliver of these supplies. This marked the beginning of military hostilities between Britain and China (Holt, 1964). Aggrieved, especially because British merchants in response to Captain Elliots orders had refused to resume normal trading in Canton after they were expelled from Macao, Lin issued a formal war threat accompanied with a demand for all British merchant ships in Chinese territory to resume trade in Canton within three days or leave the country. This again led to another military confrontation in which China sustained heavy losses and the whole Chinese fleet was forced to retreat as 29 war junks were no match for the British frigates (Holt 1964). Lin responded by writing a long letter to Queen Victoria (see appendix A) in which he argued that the Chinese cause pertained to Englands insistence on poisoning Chinese citizens with opium already banned in England. Many authors on the opium wars have expressed doubts that Lins letter ever got to the Queen. In 1840, Lin passed an edict that listed the crimes committed by British merchants and barring Britain from trading with China forever (Ho lt, 1964). The British Response Having reached a decision to go to war, Britain responded by issuing an ultimatum to China demanding that China returned all confiscated goods or paid the monetary equivalent, reparations for imprisoning the Chief Superintendent of trade and British merchants, and that British trade would be secured in future. Britain declared that if China did not meet these claims as well as sign a treaty with these claims incorporated, the war would continue. However, Britain acknowledged to China, its right to prohibit the import of opium but insisted that The Queen of England was obliged to protect her people from violence and ill treatment. Britain suggested that China should have dealt instead with its corrupt official who connived in the opium trade. Britain certainly took this position to protect her economic interest by forcing China into maintaining trade. By barring trade with Britain, China had provided the opportunity for Britain to exploit grievances Britain already had. This was the deciding factor that led to the Opium wars. Conclusion Chinas arrogance born out of a sense of cultural superiority created tension that significantly affected its relationship with Westerners. This was particularly evident in Chinas refusal to consider a mutually favourable balanced trade with western nations. But for this arrogance, Lin Tse-hsu would have immediately recognized that the Chinese military was inferior to the British and hence he would have adopted a more diplomatic approach rather than threaten war. His actions in trying to eradicate opium smoking and smuggling led directly to the opium war. Chinas seclusion prevented proper diplomatic relationship with the West. This vital requirement between nations could have prevented a war, but instead it bred grievances that were significant to the Anglo-Chinese war. Such grievances encouraged Britain to promote free trade which led to an increase in opium smuggling, corruption and insubordination. Opium smuggling also resulted in Chinas increased opium addiction and subsequent destruction of lives, families, the Chinese society and degradation of the Chinese economy. This caused great concern to the Chinese Government and thus increased tensions between both countries The British desire to balance trade with china, establish proper diplomatic relations and be treated as equal to China were important factors that provoked the opium war. This was partly due to commercial greed. As a result, even though Britain recognized the damage opium had done in China, she failed in her moral and legal duty not to encourage or participate in smuggling opium into China, especially after it had been banned in Britain. Finally, Britains decision to go to war with china because it wanted to protect its citizens from Chinese unfair treatment was only an excuse that was justifiable in part. However, it was mainly to protect its economic interest with China by forcing China to continue trade which China had prohibited. A decision Britain took with the realization of the extent of Chinese military inferiority. This factor encouraged Britain to go to war.

The Future of Television and Technology :: Film Television Technology

With the development of digital technologies the future of television lies with Satellite or Cable Broadcasting. The era of Terrestrial Broadcasting is now over. In my life, I have only witnessed first hand, the effects of media and its development since about 1995, as this is the earliest I can remember. However, my huge interest in the subject has lead me to broaden my knowledge over the way media had developed in the 1980's and even earlier. I believe that what I have witnesses is in fact the most important time period in the media development timeline so far.

Medicine River

â€Å"Where We Belong† Thomas King’s book â€Å"Medicine River†, is about a man named Will, who no matter what he does, he feels his connections are not he wants when he lived in Toronto, that is, until he goes back home to Medicine River for his mother’s funeral. This is where he meets Harlen Bigbear, a blunt and straight-forward kind of guy who becomes one of Will’s best friends. I feel Harlen is a big reason why Will comes back to Medicine River.As much as Will and James, who is Will’s brother, had a mother growing up, I feel Will finally has a sense of family when he goes back to Medicine River. A day out with everyone in town seems to make Will a part of their own. Will is in an intimate friendship with Louise Heavyman and plays the father figure to her infant daughter, South Wing. Harlen, I feel is a big part of Will coming back to Medicine River, Harlen was kind of aggressive on his approach to getting to know Will.Harlen tried to get to know Will. Harlen tried to spice up Medicine River, comparing it to Toronto. He even said that there were no Indian photographers, stating there was no competition for an Indian photographer. Harlen also said that it would be a good idea to â€Å"start [Will’s] own business† (King 90). I feel that if Harlen did not suggest he try, Will probably would have stayed in Toronto. Harlen did everything he could to bring everything Indian back home.

Designer comparision essays

Designer comparision essays Armin Hofmanns effect and significance as a Swiss designer included published the Graphic design manual: principals and practice in 1965. This book became a reference for many young designers and thus created a sort of design recipe that could be followed and repeated by others. This is one of the limitations of some of his work, it created a guidebook or path to follow that could be simply adding styling to create the international style. Hofmann was also an educator at Basle. His values were formal and focused on function, creating a science out of design. The limitations of his design were the rather rigid form and lack of self-expression on behalf of the designer. It seems to separate the designer from his/her work, rather than allowing them to work together. Weingarts opened Basle up to experimentation with typography and the concept that you can break the design rules of the day. He played with the elements of type while still expressing clarity and order. He brought liberal views and values to Basle in the late 60s. With his Non conformist style, reversing the avant-garde direction of the systematic designing. He played with shapes, aggressive color and expressed himself through his own design, while still keeping things in some sort of order and clarity. His work simply expressed and communicated the message, without adding unnecessary decorations or styling to the piece. Both Hofmann and Weigngarts work and teachings while at Basal influenced April Griman. Her work exemplifies both the formal values of Swiss typography and the visual experimentation and freedom that Weigngart expressed. This is showed in her book jacket cover for Building in LA, where she used aggressive visuals, and color mixed with ordered typography, to maintain the simplicity of the subject and message. ...

The Good Gone Bad essays

The Good Gone Bad essays A famous quote by Mahatma Gandhi states, You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system never deserves such allegiance. Allegiance to it means partaking of the evil. A good person will resist an evil system with his or her whole soul. However, Gandhi also observed that Mans nature is not essentially evil. The validity of both these statement can be keenly observed through William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies. At the beginning of the novel, a group of boys who are stranded on an island are forced to build a society in order to survive. Two main boys are Simon and Jack. Simon is a very quiet yet strong minded boy, while Jack is very power-hungry and mean. As the novel progresses and the island gets less civilized evil starts to appear among the boys, except in one, who finds the will to resist. William Golding contrasts the characters of Simon and Jack, in order to show that deep inside man is good, but man becomes evil and power -hungry. Through Simons actions, William Golding sets Simon up to be strong and unselfish to show that man is good. Simon is a very unique character in this novel, and he does things that others dont normally do. For instance, one day Ralph, who was feeling let down from the other leader Jack, yells to Jack, And I work all day with nothing but Simon and you come back and dont even notice the huts! (54). In this part in the novel Ralph and Simon worked all day on the shelters alone, while Jack hunted. Simon was the only one to step up and help Ralph when he needed it, and without even being asked to do so. This shows Simons and mans good-hearted nature, as he puts himself above the rest because of his unselfish acts of kindness. Simon not only helps out others, but he takes time to himself to enjoy the good things nature provides. As Simon wanders off alone to seek a qu...

Management Innovation and New Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Innovation and New Technology - Essay Example However, modern theories are moving away from this inventor mythology to more holistic approaches that are often based on complete processes and this has led to successful commercialization of new products and processes. An individual can confidently state that product innovation is a complex process rather than a one-day event. This means that there is a lot that is involved in product innovation. A number of insights are evident in the product innovation complexity. To begin with innovation starts and ends with invention (Wield & Rhode, 82). Invention refers to the discovery of new and intelligent ideas and artefacts. Despite the fact, that creating new idea is the baseline of innovation, it is noteworthy that the idea must be sorted out as to whether it is workable and or applicable into the societal context. In other words, innovation takes into consideration adapting the newly found ideas into practical productive application in particular work processes or product markets of a particular firm. The applications should not only be to specific firms but also to the entire economy and into the society. This proposition can be justified by the fact that despite Spencer Silvers discovering the Post-it brand adhesive before 1970 this noble invention was only commercialised in 1978 after the company (3M) had ignored for that long owing to lack of practical applicability (Ketteringham & Nayak 427). Silver’s moment of discovering the Post-it brand adhesive began in 3M’s Central Research Laboratories under program dubbed â€Å"Polymers for Adhesives† in 1964. It is unfortunate that despite the fact that silver came up with unique form of adhesive his new idea could not be taken seriously by the management because Silver could not find a problem to apply this great idea. It was until Arthur Fry a 3M chemist, a choir director and an amateur mechanic found a problem to Silver’s idea when he came up with the paper to paper application of the adhesive. According to Wield & Rhode (84), the complexity of product innovation can be understood by withdrawing the assumption that innovation takes a â€Å"linear flow†. It is noteworthy that successful innovation has no straight line considering that it does not spring from scientific invention all the way to develop a competitive edge. The nature of the link between a scientific invention and the technological development is in itself very complex and because of this reason, the link has often been confusing. Individuals need to understand that scientific invention benefits a lot from technological development in a number of ways that include but not limited to transfer of knowledge, network of profession, skills and instruments. In the case of 3M, it is evident that the company boasts of a poll of skilled scientists that range from chemists and engineers who worked tirelessly in 3M’s Central Research Laboratories to come up with new inventions. The idea that led i nto development of one of the best selling product of 3M named Post-it Note Pad resulted from a series of technological developments that took approximately 10 years (Ketteringham & Nayak 425). Successful product innovation is also a matter of interaction between a number of factors within and outside the organization (Wield & Rhode, 84). Studies indicate that those factors that key determinant to the commercial success of a product are found outside the areas which are commonly associated with the with the

Corporate Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Accounting - Essay Example In this paper we look at impairment of assets from the view point of Transfield Services. The report starts with an introduction about Transfield Services and the business they are in. then it goes on to analyze the impairments done in 2009 wand 2007 and provides a brief explanation of the differences in the same. A detail analysis about the impairments done in the year ending 2009 has alson been provided alongwith the reasons for the sudden increase in the amount of impairment loss, a comment on the methods of impairment followed by Transfield Services and its sync with the AASB 136 standards. The report ends with a view on Impairment of Assets as a whole. Transfield Services Limited provides various services to key industries in the Resources and Industrial, Infrastructure Services and Property and Facilities Management sectors. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) It provides maintenance, and asset and project management services globally. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) Providing a range of structured business processes together with skilled management to help clients achieve maximum value from their existing assets. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) Undertaking of significant maintenance, shutdown, turnaround and engineering projects to optimize clients capital expenditure and achieve goals efficiently within budget. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) Providing information to clients regarding the best practices followed in the industry as well as outside it to instill a culture of continuous improvements in the client. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) Providing Operations Systems Manual (OSM) to monitor issues relating to health, safety, environment, quality and risk to effectively manage and control HSE risks within the workplace. (Transfield Services (Australia) Pty Limited, 2008) Yes, Transfield Services did undertake

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Economics - Essay Example As a substitute, the United Nations supports the use of special drawing rights (SDRs), a creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – a proposal supported by Russia (Bryanski, 2009). The SDR is the designated international reserve asset that is the unit of payment on IMF loans; it has an advantage over the US dollar in that its valuation is calibrated against a basked of currencies, rather than on the currency of a single country. Preferably, however, the UN recommends the establishment of a new reserve system that is not based on just one or even several currencies, but should instead serve the need for stable international liquidity. In response, several European officials expressed their disagreement, citing the market as the ultimate determinant of which currencies countries would hold in reserve. Several have voiced the concern that political or administrative decisions cannot reformulate the world’s currency system (Vayrynen, in Charbonneau, 2010), and in the entire post-war period the currency exchange system had been based on the U.S. dollar (Sundaram, in Charbonneau, 2010). EU officials fear that any intervention by an administrative body into the workings of the market would just create additional problems and would make things even less predictable (Piebalgs, in Charbonneau, 2010). Some simply reject the idea of an artificial currency as the SDR as the reserve currency of the international financial system, stating that it is a non-starter because it is created by political decision making (Al-Jasser, in Kessler, 2009). Based on this scenario, some sectors have voiced the possibility that the yuan (or renminbi), the currency of China, may in the span of a decade gain the status of reserve currency and present itself as a suitable alternative to replace the U.S. dollar. Supporters cite the relative stability of the Yuan during the recent financial crisis, saying that it is a better holder of value than the dollar. This

New England and Chesapeake Regions Essay Example for Free

New England and Chesapeake Regions Essay Although New England and the Chesapeake regions were both settle largely by people of English origin, the two regions developed differently. Certainly they eventually evolved into similar modern societies. However in their early years, they were very different. Thus, by 1700, the New England and Chesapeake regions had developed into two separate and distinct societies due to differences in social structures, political structures, and economies. The social structures of the two regions were very different, mainly in demographics and the incentives of the immigrants and religion. In the New England area, the early populations was mostly comprised of families with children and servants. This brought to the New World skilled craftsmen, farmers, and indentured servants to shape the economy. This also provided a relatively equal male to female ratio. They had longer life spans and less infant and childbirth related deaths. The incentives of the New England immigrants was to escape religious and political conflicts in England, thus shaping their religion. The religion of the of the New England settlers was very Puritan. They wanted to establish themselves as a city on a hill or a place of morality and social reciprocity to serve as role model for the rest of the Americas. The Puritan communities were strong and tightly knit and the Puritan marriages were stable and most lasted until death. The religion of these settlers greatly influenced their politics; their form of government was a theocracy. The Chesapeake immigrants were many teenage boys and very few women. The women who did immigrate there had great choice in husbands. They married young, widowed, and usually remarried, carrying on the plantations of their late-husbands, resulting in greater economic freedom for women Most of the male immigrants were seeking gold in the New World and prone to fights from the start. The Chesapeake was very diverse in religion. This diversity nearly required religious toleration to some extent. As a result, the community life was very unstable. The political structures of the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies, too, were different. In the New England colonies, the  government was a Puritan theocracy. Each town had an agreed upon covenant or promise of not only moral, but social commitment. Established and enforced by their government and covenant were fair and set wages, shared property, and public schools. Each town had a annual town meeting during which the male voters would appoint men to govern for the coming year. In the Chesapeake there was at first general chaos. The councilors appointed by the English king wanted to just go back home to England. The established governments were oligarchies and aristocracies, breeding social unrest in the lower classes, as is very apparent in Bacons Rebellion. In the Chesapeake, there was a system of headrights or one of land grants to people who were willing to either immigrate to the colony or pay for the voyage of another. Also different were the economies of north and south. The New England economy was primarily sustained on agriculture and some fur trading. As governed by their Puritan ideals, goods and foods were traded for need, not profit. The Chesapeake colonies were mainly plantation colonies. The main crops was tobacco, but cotton, indigo and rice were also grown. The labor intensity of the crops grown in the Chesapeake, the bad soil, and unfavorable growing conditions gave rise to slavery in the south. All the crops grown were grown for profits, so there was a very competitive system of plantations. The New England and Chesapeake colonies were settle mostly by the English, but they developed differently. By 1700 the two areas had two very different had developed into two very separate and very distinct societies due two differences in social structures, political structures, and economies.

Marketing Strategy 4. Recruiting Foster Carers

Marketing Strategy 4. Recruiting Foster Carers More foster carers are needed in the UK today. Official statistics from the Fostering Network indicate that over 10,000 foster families are needed. Another research by Fostering Network found 82% of local authorities saw a rise in the number of children coming into care and needing foster homes in 2009-10. Family foster care provides substitute planned family care for children who cannot be adequately cared at the own home due to various reasons. 4.1 Foster children: The number of children coming into foster care has become overwhelming over the years. But the fact is that it has become very difficult to find the families who are ready to meet the challenges of increasing complex behavioural, emotional needs these children experience. SHORTAGE OF FOSTER HOMES England: 8,200 Scotland: 1,700 Wales: 750 Region Shortage England 8200 Scotland 1700 Wales 750 Source: Fostering Network Website Chart 1a: National Breakdown: Shortage of Foster Homes in England, Scotland and Wales SHORTAGE OF FOSTER HOMES IN ENGLAND North West: 1700 North East: 1300 East: 650 South West: 600 South East: 850 London: 2000 West Midlands: 650 East Midlands: 450 Region Shortage North Wales 1700 North East 1300 East 650 South West 600 South East 850 London 2000 West Midlands 650 East Midlands 450 Source: Fostering Network Website Chart 1b: Regional Breakdown: Shortage of Foster Homes in England 4.2 Motivations for foster carers: Much research has been conducted on this issue as what motivates people to foster. It is very important to understand this key component because this may help to understand their needs and can be used as a tool in the marketing mix to recruit more carer. In 1996, Denby Rindfleisch conducted a research on children and youth services. The research was conducted in order to understand what motivates a person to become a foster carer. Some of the findings were, fulfilling the need for foster homes in the community, enjoying and wanting to help children, providing a companion for an only child and for oneself, increasing family size, obtaining substitute for a child who has died or who has grown and left home, religious reasons and supplementing family income (Denby Rindfleisch, 1996). Based on the findings of this research it is very clear that there are various factors that are involved for a person to become a foster parent. 4.3 Foster carer recruitment: In the recent years, there has been a decline in the number of families able to provide foster care. When a child is identified in need of foster care, the problem of finding placement homes still remains very high. Some of the factors that are related to the shortage of foster carers may be due to the following reasons: Greater difficulty in meeting the increasing complexity needs to become a foster carer Lack of public awareness The poor public image of faster carer. With these issues, it has become difficult to recruit foster carer and has become an important and yet a challenging task. Recruitment of quality foster carer in an on-going demand for the agency. 4.4 Productive approaches 2008 till date: For the past 2 years, the enquiries generated by fostering solutions using the current marketing strategy have increased. Fostering solutions uses different methods of advertising to attract potential carers. These include bill board, bus, community care, exhibition, flyer, internet, job centre, jobs fair, local community booklet, national magazine, newspaper advertisement, passed office, post office, radio, tv, recruitment event, taxi, website, word of mouth, yallow pages etc (Fostering solutions). Over the past few years, the recruitment focus was on the following factors: To recruit carers through using fees, and other allowances. Using messages such as show you care to reach the carers. 4.5 Recruitment outcome: Table 3: FOSTER CARE RECRUITMENT ENQUIRIES SOURCE OF INTEREST BETWEEN 01/09/2009 AND 04/08/2010 SOURCE TOTAL ENQUIRIES Advan 4 Fostering Network 2 Banner 1 Bill board 1 Bus 38 Current carer 8 Flyer 41 Internet 10 Job centre 3 Jobs fair 1 Local community booklet 30 National magazine 2 Newspaper Advertisement 761 Not specified 1 Passed office 78 Radio/TV 28 Recommended 156 Recruitment event 419 Recruitment poster 102 SMS 13 Van 1 Website 1071 Word of mouth 494 Yellow pages 22 TOTAL 3289 Source: FSDocument Out of these, the most successful advertisement medium for fostering solutions has been website with a total of 1071 enquiries followed by newspaper advertisement with a total enquiry of 761, followed by word of mouth with 494 enquiries between 01/09/2209 and 31/08/2010. From the above table it is evident that the total number of enquiries during the period 2009-2010 is 3289, but the no. Of approval are only 126 out of 3289 enquiries. This is just 3.82% of the total enquiry. It is evident that 3289 people are interested to know about the fostering care. But the approval rate is very low. Table 4: FOSTER CARE RECRUITMENT ENQUIRIES SOURCE OF INTEREST BETWEEN 01/09/2008 AND 31/08/2009 SOURCE TOTAL ENQUIRIES Fostering Network 3 Bill board 4 Current carer 1 E-invite 1 Flyer 19 Internet 1 Local community booklet 47 Newspaper Advertisement 591 Not specified 13 Passed office 108 Radio/TV 32 Recommended 173 Recruitment event 168 Recruitment poster 130 Taxi 1 Van 4 Website 1347 Word of mouth 535 Yellow pages 106 TOTAL 3284 Source: FS document The total no. Approval between 01/09/2008 and 31/08.2009 was 163 and total enquiries received during that period was 3284. When Comparing the current year enquiries and approval rate with the previous year (i.e.) recruitment enquiry between 2008 2009 which was 4.96% of the total enquiry, it is clearly evident that there is a decrease in the approval rate when compared with that of the previous year. But we just cannot come to a conclusion that there is a decrease in the approval rate because some of the enquiries may still be in the approval process. Table 5: Conversion rate Year Enquiries Approved Conversion Rate % 2008-2009 3284 163 4.96 2009-2010 3289 126 3.83 Source: FS Document Over the past two years, the conversion rate is found to be reasonably constant with 4.96% in the year 2008-2009 and 3.83% in the 2009-2010. Chart 2: Enquiries in different region From the above chart it can be seen that the number of enquiries received from each region varies to a greater extent. For example the highest number of enquiries was received from the midlands with a total of 396 enquiries. Where as on the contradictory there were lower enquiries from various other regions. The reason for so many enquiries in the midlands is because of the strong advertisement campaign with additional newspaper advertisement. Fostering solutions should focus on all the regions equally. This will help to increase the enquiry from different region. The major problem which is to be considered right now is that the approval rate is very low despite there was 3289 enquiries between 2009-2010. This may be due to various reasons. Advertisement Æ’Â   Enquiries Æ’Â   ROI Æ’Â   Approval With reference to the above given table, when an advertisement is made and when it is able to attract 3343 enquirers who have even the slightest idea of fostering has enquired the agency, it is clear that people are interested to know more about fostering. But somewhere as they move further in the process (i.e.) from enquiry to the next stage, the number gets reduced to a greater extent. This can be viewed as a result due to 2 reasons. There may be a problem in the process from the enquiry stage until the next stage which is the registration of interest. Or The agency is not targeting the right people. In order to identify the problem in the process from the enquiry stage until the ROI, a study maybe conducted as what is going wrong in that process. It is very important to focus on this issue right now because the time and cost involved in marketing is very high. Considering that fact, the marketing strategy maybe of good type, but due to some bottleneck in the process, the marketing strategy may seem to be unsuccessful. 4.6 STRATEGY Objectives: To successfully recruit the carers, the following objectives must be considered to meet the challenges that are associated with the recruitment activities. They are, To recruit carers for different age group To recruit carers for children with disability To recruit a diverse range of carers to place the children to meet their best needs. Recruit carers based on categories long, medium and short term carers. In addition to these objectives to recruit the carer, the fostering solutions should be the best choice for carers. In order to achieve such a position, the following factors plays important role Benefit packages for carer- what fostering solutions can offer for both carer and young people. Competitor awareness versus brand awareness of the agency. Services provided before and after approval. Raising awareness through advertisement that carers are still needed , that fostering solutions values the carers, and to create a sense of feeling that they have made the right decision in selecting fostering solutions. 4.6.1 Plan of action: In order to reach both regional and national audiences, the agency should continue to advertise a multi-layered approach of marketing. The message which the agency tends to convey to its audience must be clear and focused. The agency may use tools ranging from traditional to establishing its own marketing strategy through various opportunities that are available to raise the awareness of the people. The traditional method includes the regular media advertising which the agency is currently involved and it has delivered results. It is now the right time to think of new opportunities of marketing through using the internet media such as web tools like Linked-in, Facebook, twitter, etc. By using both the traditional and new methods, the agency can reach and cover a wide range of people from different regions, which will help to educate the people about the basic awareness and understanding about the need for fostering. This also helps to reach the target audience by giving them the information which they require. 4.6.2 Factors influencing the decision making: There are several factors that influence the decision making of the marketing strategy. These factors help the agency to be alert by keeping them informed about the decisions of the potential carer and the way they react to the recruitment strategies and approaches that are used by the agency. A research maybe conducted in this area so as to find out the following: What ultimately actuated the potential carer to pick up the phone and enquire about the services that are offered by the agency. This can be done through introducing marketing questions in the initial home visits. Checking closely the effectiveness of all the resources that are used in marketing and making sure it is being efficient. Look into the key areas where the potential carers drop out of the process. It is very important to understand this because, this will give an idea as the reasons why they drop out. This will in turn help to influence the potential carers to identify the drop out points. Through identifying the drop out points time and cost that are involved in retaining the potential carers can be kept under good control. 4.6.3 A change in the current communication tools The information that are offered by the current communication tools are limited. That is the current communication tools which is paper based (information pack) gives idea from where the information is obtained. Chart 3 : communication route Enquiry Information Follow Up Resultant Website Phone Information Pack Phone Call Postcards Drop Out Proceed This is the normal route through which the information flows from the agency to the prospective carers. This route does not offer flexibility for the carer. Which means the carers contact type preference, individual decision process are not considered in this route. Moreover, the person making a call to the agency maybe quite intimidating. There should be a change in the current communication routes and channels whereby the routes are open up through which the prospective carer can gather information and be informed about the follow-up and the application process right from registration of interest until the approval. Information Search Enquiry Informed Decision Follow up Resultant Recruitment Stands Newspaper Word of mouth Flyer Website Face to Face contact at event Phone Website Information Pack (Delayed decision) Direct phone and postcard Drop Out Proceed Un-persuaded Un-persuaded Prospecting Proceed or Informed Influencer Participants or Informed Influencer 4.6.4 ENGAGING THE COMMUNITIES: To target the right carer, I suggest increasing the chances of finding successful foster carer through designing a planned strategy to engage the communities in foster care. By involving with the community there is more scope to create awareness and recruit many carers. To come up with such a strategy, it is very important to know the agencys needs and lay down its priorities, thumb rules on how to come up with a specific message for the general public. By engaging with the communities, it helps to inform the public and the potential foster carers about the need for foster care. The ultimate goal of the agency is to increase the number of qualified foster carers. In any business concept, designing an effective marketing strategy is a means of trial and error. For a strategy to be successful, it has to be analyzed from various perspectives before it can be implemented. In such a way, before reaching a community for help in recruiting the foster carer, we have to know in particular the needs of the agency and the ways in which the public might be of help to the agency. By needs of the agency here refers to the big question who is our target customer?. To kick start this process of finding the target customer the following assessment maybe done by the agency. Identifying the foster care population in a community How many foster children are there in the community? Their age group Age group under one year No. Of children (between 1-12) No. Of teenager (between 13-18) No. Of youngsters (over 18) Based on the agencies past experience say for example previous 2-3 years, how many children does the agency expect will require foster care during the next year? The racial composition White Mixed race Asian Black Other Identifying the foster carer population in a community How many qualified foster carers are there in the community Identifying the children in the community Up to what extent the following elements contributed to placement of children in foster care LOW Moderate HIGH Substance abuse Poverty Mental illness of parent(s) Poor parenting skills Incarceration of parents Childrens emotional or behavioral health needs Knowing the needs: After the above mentioned needs assessment is reviewed by the staff, the agency can come to a specific needs conclusion. The next step may be to rank the needs. The rankings should be based on their priorities as shown below Example needs Ranks To provide more adequate support for foster families. 3 To recruit foster parents for teenagers. 1 To provide better training for foster parents so they can handle childrens special needs. To recruit foster parents for teenagers. 2 To educate the public about the impact of welfare reform on children in foster care. Once the needs are prioritized, the next step is to develop a community action plan. This can be done through the following ways 4.6.5 Engaging the wider public : At the national level, the foster care fortnight event is conducted by the Fostering networks helps to engage the wider public and to spread the awareness about the need for fostering and the young people at care. However, this may help to engage the wider public, the major drawbacks in these kinds of events is that the agency does not get the chance to engage directly with the wider public on the assumptions and views to inform how we move ahead to spread the awareness. In order to overcome this problem the agency may preferably engage with the residents from the communities to inform them about the messages and the promotional approaches of the agency through which the awareness of the need for foster care can be increased. This can be done through engaging services in a county wide arts and photography competition. This helps the agency to find out more ways to engage with the communities and encourage them to take part in fostering. The photography competition can be conducted through collecting pictures from different age group categories young people in care, people who have experienced foster care. The competition must be judged by the agency; the winning photography must tour around the county and be visible in libraries and other common places for short period. A separate budget maybe required for this competition. 4.6.6 Working with the mass media: Mass media is the most common and effective medium of advertising. However, for an advertisement to be effective through mass media, it is very essential for the agency to know what kind of information or message should be conveyed to the public. For example in the case of targeted recruitment, the focus is on the families where they can accommodate children and teens with specific needs. In this case community based recruitment would be very effective rather than a general media campaign. However, media campaign may be very effective and most suitable for general outreach. Strategies for getting the message out to the public and spurring the community to take action. 4.6.7 Invite community leaders to help you get the message out: Engaging with community leaders to spread the awareness is one of the best ways to reach the people in a particular community. This is due to the fact that the leaders may approach the public with a message which would be very effective rather than the agency conveying the message by itself. The community leaders may not have the special knowledge about the system of foster care as that of a social worker. However, what they do have is the ability to attract the public and press. It is very advantageous for the agency to form a link of network with the community leaders for they be very sympathetic the cause and would come forward to help the agency. These leaders may be invited to speak at the campaign events and they may be requested to mention about Fostering Solutions in their own events. In such a way the community becomes aware and lot of people might come forward to foster. The main advantage is that a minimal support from one community councillor or a child advocate can quick ly raise the status of the issue. 4.6.8 Using the help of current foster parents: The most effective means of advertising is to get help from the current foster carers to recruit more new foster carers. Gratified foster care parents are the better tool for recruitment and retention. The advantage of Working in with foster parents to increase recruitment will help to improve the retention as well. Foster parents can be of great help in the following ways: Through sharing their personal experiences, the current foster carer may help the new foster carers to explain as what takes to be a good foster carer. This will also give an opportunity for the new foster carers to meet the children in care even before they get placed with a child. The current foster care parents may help the new carers to complete the applications by way of providing pre-service anf training in collaboration with the agency. The current foster carer may act as a middle man between the agency and the prospective foster carer by way of following-up with a phone call or a personal visit. Through engaging with the current foster carers, the new carers may get individualized mentoring and it may in turn be a great motivation for both the new and the current foster carers. 4.6.9 Carer benefit package: Carer benefit package may help to attract more carers. It is great way to communication through which the awareness can be increased. A detailed list of benefits and opportunities maybe listed, this will in turn help the prospective foster carers to take up fostering. The fact is that the more we offer and promote ourselves as the agency, the satisfied and happier will be our carers and are more likely to stay with us. This maybe one of the retention strategy. This strategy helps to gain competitive advantage over the competing agencies because, the carers are very happy with the benefit package. Regardless of whether the benefits are being used by the foster carers or not, the list of available benefits on the website maybe seem real and more tangible. 4.7 Resources In order to implement the above mentioned strategies effectively, resources are very important keys. 4.7.1 Human Resources: In the current organizational structure, the marketing department is very centralized. With the ambition of developing the marketing strategies for both the national and regional level, it is very important to increase the hierarchy level as shown in the above chart. In order to strengthen the regional marketing strategy a new post namely marketing assistant may be appointed region wise. The main work of this job will be to spread the awareness of fostering in their region and attract more carers. They will be reporting directly to the Marketing and public relations manager. The main reason to implement this change in the organization structure is because just having a marketing department at the head office will not work. Division of work is very essential in such cases. But for time being with limited resources, the main challenge is to stay focused in the priorities of the service that are provided by the agency. Chart 4: Organizational Structure Marketing Department. 4.7.2 Financial Resources: To corroborate the current level of enquiries and conversion, it is essential to continue to invest funds in recruiting advertising. A sustainable budget allocation will help the agency to be efficient and effectively plan the time and resources which are very valuable. This will also help to improve response rate, and to reach all communities as well as effectively plan the response resources. For long term planning, a planned annual budgeting will help to place the agency in a better position to cope up with the increasing preferential rates and spends of the promotional activity. There is also a need for the agency to invest in high profiled activities such as web advertising, website development and so on in order to maintain the profile of Fostering Solutions as the agency of choice for the carers. Currently, Fostering solutions uses all feasible media which will enable the agency to touch the hearts and minds of many potential carers and make them aware about the need for fostering. More funds should be invested in the areas of community publications, editorial media and recruitment campaigns. 4.8 Recommendations: Considering the above discussed strategies the following maybe summarized as the strategic recommendations 4.8.1 Short term recommendations: Maintain year round awareness for the need foster carers across England, Scotland, Wales and in communities. As discussed in the strategy using the current carers and their positive stories of children will help to attract more carers and it also helps to retain the existing carers.(refer 4.6.8) -Work with the community leaders to spread the awareness(refer 4.6.7) With reference to the conversion rate issue raised in this report, it is essential for the agency to conduct a study on the effective procedures that are implemented by the agency in the process of responding to enquiries and registration of interest with prospective foster carers. Because, this is where lot of people drop out. So it is essential for the agency to conduct a research and find out the reasons as why the conversion rate is very low. (refer table 5) As discussed in the resources, it is essential for the agency to have dedicated marketing staff at each regional office to make advertising more effective.(refer 4.7.1) With the help of the demographic information and analysis of the community assessment by the agency a better targeting of recruitment and advertising can be achieved. 4.8.2 Long term recommendations: As discussed in the short term recommendations, statistical data on foster carers maybe collected using the community assessment in order to make better recruitment decisions. This will help the agency to have a continued sustainable investment at national and regional level in the recruitment of foster carers. Have ongoing high quality campaigns across England, Scotland and Wales on both national and local level to attract more foster carers which will help to maintain enough carers to meet changing demands The agency should put as much effort in order to retain the foster carers as in recruitment. The agency should work on the factors such as carer benefit package, and other benefits that can improve the retention of foster carers. (refer 4.6.9) Develop a comprehensive foster care recruitment website to promote awareness and interest in fostering and permanent care -Focus should be to improve local capacity through working in close relation with the communities in order to recruit locally